Which term refers to the process by which individuals integrate new knowledge into existing cognitive structures?

The correct term for the process through which individuals incorporate new knowledge into their pre-existing cognitive structures is assimilation. This concept originates from Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, where assimilation refers to the way individuals adapt their understanding by fitting new information into their existing mental frameworks.

For example, when a child who knows what a dog is sees a new breed for the first time, they assimilate this new experience by categorizing it as a dog, thereby expanding their understanding without completely changing their existing concept of what a dog is. This allows for continuous learning and growing knowledge while maintaining a coherent cognitive structure.

In contrast, the other terms do not describe this specific cognitive process. Acculturation relates to the process of cultural change and adaptation that occurs when two or more cultures come into contact. Generalization involves applying learned information or behaviors to different but similar situations. Integration usually refers to the combining of different things into a unified whole, often used in a broader context beyond just cognitive processes. Thus, assimilation is the most precise term for the described process.